Program Notes

2324 | SMF FS3 | BRAHMS Symphony No. 1

  • Composer: Johannes Brahms
  • Styled Title: Symphony No. 1
  • Formal Title: Symphony No. 1 in C Minor, Op. 68
  • Program Note Author(s): Margery Derdeyn

It is impossible to say when Brahms’ ideas for a first symphony began to take shape, but sketches are supposed to have existed as early as 1855. He was just 22 at the time. Robert Haven Schauffler refers to the period as Brahms’ “Werther days,” a time when he was “under the spell of his mad young passion for Clara [Schumann.]” Ms. Schumann, who never swayed in her devotion to her younger friend, gave him all the encouragement he needed for his work. Her letters and diary bear witness to the metamorphosis of this symphony from the idea to actuality. The completion was to occupy the composer on and off for 19 years.

From letters written to Brahms by Clara Schumann, we are surprised to learn that the first movement originally had no introduction. The great opening section, so familiar to us today, hardly seems like an afterthought. It is made up of figures lifted from the main body of the movement. In fact, “the introduction is the whole sermon,” wrote Herbert Wiseman. Against relentless pounding on the pedal point C by the timpani, a powerful tension is set up as strings and winds strain in opposing directions. The main portion (Allegro) begins its strong upward thrust, hesitates, then drops back. Another try fails, too, followed by a deep plunge. The movement becomes one huge and persistent struggle. In contrast to the stormy opening, the second movement (Andante) offers an idyllic respite. This lyrical movement eventually rises to a passionate climax, with lovely solo passages for oboe, horn, and violin.

The third movement is a simple song form with trio, the principal theme being a fold-like melody. Briefly, it becomes a preparation for the coming grandeur of the Finale.

With the opening of the Finale, it seems that the gathering storm clouds of the first movement have returned to release their fury. But quickly the darkness disperses, the heavens seem to open; and the horn breaks through with the assurance that all is well. “It comes in like God Almighty” remarked Carl Ruggles. The bold main theme that follows has an unmistakable resemblance to the “Ode to Joy” from Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony. When this was pointed out to Brahms, his annoyed retort was, “Any fool can see that.” Edward Downs explains it this way: “Brahms was using words from Beethoven’s vocabulary to say something different.”

2324 | SMF FS2 | DIEUPART Sarabande

  • Arranger: Mike Block
  • Performer(s):
    • Performers: Mike Block, Instrument: cello
    • Performers: Jeffrey Kahane, Instrument: piano
  • Composer: Charles Dieupart
  • Styled Title: Sarabande
  • Formal Title: Sarabande

2324 | SMF FS2 | BLOCK Global Music Collaboration

  • Arranger: Mike Block with SMF Fellows
  • Performer(s):
    • Performers: Mike Block, Instrument: cello
  • Styled Title: Global Music Collaboration
  • Formal Title: Global Music Collaboration

2324 | SMF FS2 | BLOCK Iniche Cosebe

  • Performer(s):
    • Performers: Mike Block, Instrument: cello
  • Composer: Mike Block
  • Styled Title: <em>Iniche Cosebe</em>
  • Formal Title: <em>Iniche Cosebe</em>
  • Program Note Author(s): Mike Block

This composition was inspired by the music and culture of West Africa, and developed through an ongoing collaboration between Mike Block and Balla Kouyaté, a balafon player from Mali, in West Africa. The title and lyrics of the vocal melody (“Iniche Cosebe”) are from the Mandinka language, and translate to mean “thank you very much.” Kouyaté comes from a long ancestral line of musicians in the Djeli tradition of storytelling through songs, in which each composition has an underlying story or moral. This piece is a meditation on gratefulness and joy, featuring both vocal and instrumental melodies that sit upon a cyclical groove featuring layered interlocking riffs, called a Kumbengo.

2324 | SMF FS2 | MONROE Blue Moon of Kentucky

  • Arranger: Teddy Abrams
  • Performer(s):
    • Performers: Tessa Lark, Instrument: violin
    • Performers: Jennifer Frautschi, Instrument: violin
    • Performers: Mike Block, Instrument: vello
  • Composer: Bill Monroe
  • Styled Title: <em>Blue Moon of Kentucky</em>
  • Formal Title: <em>Blue Moon of Kentucky</em>
  • Program Note Author(s): Jennifer More

Often referred to as the “father of bluegrass music,” Bill Monroe was born in Rosine, Kentucky, to James Buchanan Monroe—possibly a descendant of President James Monroe—and Melissa Vandever Monroe. Music filled the farming home of the parents and their eight children. Bill's father was an expert in a local dance called the Kentucky Backstep, and Melissa played the accordion, harmonica, and fiddle. Melissa's brother and Bill's uncle, Pendleton Venderver, was a well-known local fiddler who taught Bill mandolin and guitar.

After Melissa and Bill died within a year of each other, Bill was raised by “Uncle Pen,” who often played fiddle at local gatherings while Bill played guitar. When he was 16, Bill joined his brothers Birch and Charlie in a musical group in Hammond, Indiana. The group continued to evolve, and after Birch left in 1934, Bill and Charlie styled themselves as the Monroe Brothers. While they continued to attract attention, their offstage relationship deteriorated. When they disbanded in 1938, Charlie Monroe created the Kentucky Pardners. Bill formed the Blue Grass Boys, joining the Grand Ole Opry the following year.

Just after Bill Monroe turned 36, his song “Blue Moon of Kentucky” was released on the Columbia Records label on September 23, 1947. Described as a bluegrass waltz, it was Monroe’s biggest hit and ultimately became the official bluegrass song of Kentucky. Many artists have since recorded “Blue Moon of Kentucky,” ranging from Elvis Presley—who chose it as the flip side of “That's All Right”—to Patsy Cline and Paul McCartney. In 2002, “Blue Moon of Kentucky” was selected as one of 50 recordings in the National Recording Registry of the Library of Congress.

Musical America’s 2022 Conductor of the Year, Teddy Abrams just won his first GRAMMY Award with the Louisville Orchestra, where he serves as music director. Abrams is committed to engaging with the public in new ways, as evidenced by this arrangement of “Blue Moon of Kentucky.” As Abrams explains,

There are multiple reasons for emphasizing this… One of them is as simple as bluegrass and old—time music basically coming from Kentucky—certainly, bluegrass with its history going back to Bill Monroe, but even just the Americana and old-time styles within American history that have a tremendous intersection with Kentucky history. It’s important to remind ourselves that this is the cultural heritage we are living right now. So anytime we can put that style of music on the stage and celebrate it so the orchestra can participate in it equally is something that is really special. It changes, perhaps, somebody’s idea of what an orchestra is.

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